世新大學九十二學年度碩士在職專班考試

系所別	考試科目
經濟學系	英文

A. 英翻中(可以直譯或意譯，但漏譯會被扣分)

A1. (30%)

Having achieved one of the fastest growth rates in the developing world over the last fifty years, Taiwan has often been praised for having accomplished an economic miracle. However, this accomplishment should not be replaced by complacency. For one thing, with a per capita income still only fifty percent of those of the rich countries, Taiwan’s has yet to reach the apex of economic development. For another, given the large gains already made, opportunities for further growth promise to be more limited than in the past. Furthermore, international competition has grown each passing day. Thus, it may not be surprising to have witnessed a slowing down in the growth rate of the Taiwan economy in recent years. To spur economic growth, Taiwan would need to rely increasingly more on innovation, in lieu of imitation. This, in turn, requires intensifying efforts to nurture knowledge-intensive services through regulatory reforms and further opening for domestic as well as global competition. The government should also reform baking services and fiscal system as a matter of policy urgency.

A2. (30%)

Thinking about a choice as a tradeoff emphasizes coat as an opportunity forgone. The highest-valued alternative that we give up to get something is the opportunity cost of the activity chosen. People make choices at the margin, which means that they evaluate the consequences of making incremental changes in the use of their resources. The benefit from pursuing an incremental increase in an activity is its marginal benefit. The opportunity coat of pursuing an incremental increase an activity is its marginal cost.

Marginal benefit and marginal cost act as an incentive-an inducement to take a particular action. For any activity, if marginal benefit exceeds marginal cost, people have an incentive to do more of that activity, if marginal benefit exceeds marginal benefit, people have an incentive to do less of that activity. Economists seek to predict choices by looking at changes in incentive.

B. 中翻英

B1 (20%)

各國國民所得的成長力道快慢不同，最大差別就在於經濟政策與相關體制的素質好壞，因為這是決定一國生產力/所得水準的關鍵。舉例來說，日本與部分歐洲國家所得水準的衰退，多半都是生產力出了問題。當利率降到歷史新低、政府預算出現大量赤字之時，繼續端出總經政策的做法，效果其實很有限。執政者應思考如何改善經濟政策(如財政、金融、勞工政策)、提升執行力，並提升各種體制(如立法系統、財產權、政治安定等)的品質，以重振台灣的經濟活力。

B2 (20%)

出口係外國對本國產品之購買。當外國之所得水準提高時，其總支出上升，及有可能增加本國產品之進口，故外國所得水準影響本國出口量的主要因素之一。就某一外國之一定總支出而言，其購買的選擇對象有其國內自己之產品及進口品，而進口品中有自本國出口者，也有自其他國家出口至該國的。其他兩類來源產品與本國產品的相對價格，就成為該國決定本國進口多少之考慮因素。若本國產品之出口售價降低、該國產品價格上漲或其他國家之出口價格上漲，本國出口至該國之數量都將增加。